Our movement of shack-dwellers – Abahlali baseMjondolo,
representing some of South Africa's poorest people – was formed in 2005 in
Durban and now has more than 12,000 members in more than 60 shack settlements.
We campaign against evictions, and for public housing: struggling for a world
in which human dignity comes before private profit, and land, cities, wealth
and power are shared fairly.
When Abahlali baseMjondolo members take our place in cities
we take it humbly, but firmly. We have won many important battles in court,
including the overturning of the anti-poor Slums Act – but the law has not
bought justice. Despite that victory, thousands of shack dwellers were forcibly
removed to make way for developments ahead of the 2010 World Cup. Most were
dumped in transit camps, left to rot without basic services. Some camps – such
as Isipingo, south of Durban – were built on flood plains.
Promises were made to rehouse these people using a
state-assisted housing programme, but cities refused to fulfil these promises.
Instead, corrupt politicians benefit from these housing programmes by
allocating funds to loyal members of the ruling African National Congress, and
getting kickbacks from the building contractors to whom they award contracts.
Homes are poorly built as a result, and corruptly allocated. If you are too
poor, you cannot pay the bribe to get rehoused; if you are from the Eastern
Cape, and not an ANC member, you will be excluded; and if you are an active
member of Abahlali, you will not simply be denied housing – you may well be
arrested, tortured or killed.
Therefore we continue to take direct action to move our
rights from paper to reality, from abstract to concrete.
When we are denied land we occupy unused land. The state and
the rich call this a criminal act; we call it the democratisation of urban
planning and the realisation of our right to the city.
When they evict us, we rebuild. We have rebuilt nine times
at the Marikana land occupation in Cato Crest, Durban.
When we are denied water and electricity, we connect
ourselves. When we are disconnected, we reconnect. Recently nine people were
shot during a disconnection in a shack settlement in Reservoir Hills, Durban.
Two people, Malizo Fakaza and Nhlanhla Mkhize, were killed.
When our legal marches are ignored, our court orders are
ignored and the constitution is ignored, when we are treated as dirty people
who do not count before the law, then we engage in the politics of disruption.
We organise road blockades across the city – we recently organised eight such
blockades on a single morning during rush hour.
It is a tough time for our movement. The rich and the state
have decided that they should unite to drive us out of the city. Our membership
is multi-ethnic, but includes many Xhosa speakers from the Eastern Cape.
Increasingly the ANC in Durban and the province of KwaZulu-Natal presents such
non-Zulus as outsiders who should "go back where they come from", and
so the idea that South Africa belongs to all who live in it is being replaced
with a dangerous and divisive new politics.
The state is so threatened by the poor – especially the
organised poor, the strong poor – that it has abandoned the rule of law. A
politics of blood has replaced the politics of peace. The police have been
militarised, and municipalities are setting up militarised units to stop land
occupations. We have been evicted, driven from our homes by party thugs,
beaten, tortured and shot by the police. Nqobile Nzuza, a 17-year-old
schoolgirl, lies in her grave, shot in the back of her head on 30 September.
Witnesses allege that she was shot by a senior police officer, but no arrest has
been made. Nkululeko Gwala died after being hit by 12 bullets on 25 June.
Thembinkosi Qumbelo was gunned down on 15 March. All these murders happened in
one community, Cato Crest.
We believe that the reason for the absence of arrests is
that these killings were political, carried out with the support of top
politicians. Senior politicians on Durban City Council and the KwaZulu-Natal
legislature have acted and spoken in a way that was widely understood to be in
support of murder.
Political assassination of government critics is now a
routine feature of life in the city, and has given rise to a new profession:
the hitman. There is a very high rate of unemployment in Durban, and no
shortage of young people willing to take this blood money.
The recent Manase report exposed massive political
corruption in the eThekwini municipality, which includes Durban, and yet no one
has been arrested. Indeed, Obed Mlaba, who was mayor of Durban when corruption
became the order of the day, has been tipped to become the new ambassador to
the UK. The British government will welcome him, but the British people should
know he is a disgrace to our country.
Much is at stake. If South Africa's urban poor do not win
this battle, our cities will become ATMs for the politicians and the rich. They
will become cities of walls and guns, of blood and fear. In Durban and beyond,
Nelson Mandela's vision of dignity for all has already been lost. His promise
of a universal right to free housing, free education and free healthcare has
not been realised. Thabo Mbeki's administration was too high to descend to the
ground; Jacob Zuma's relies on violence to silence opposition.
We have learned that by demanding decent housing we make
enemies, and that by occupying land we make those enemies even more ruthless.
But we cannot wait in the mud, shit and fire of shack life for ever. Voting did
not work for us. The political parties did not work for us. Civil society did
not work for us. No political party, civil society organisation or trade union
is inviting us into the cities or into what remains of democracy in South
Africa. We have no choice but to take our own place in the cities and in the
political life of the country.
But we are under no illusions. There will be more evictions,
more beatings, more torture, more shootings and more killings. But to be poor
in South Africa is already a living death and so we have no choice but to keep
going forward.
