The smoke that calls: Insurgent citizenship and the struggle for a place in the new South Africa

von Holdt, Karl., Langa, Malose., Malopo, Sepetla., Mogapi, Nomfundo., Ngubeni, Kindiza., Dlamini, Jacob., and Kirsten, Adèle.  2011. The smoke that calls: Insurgent citizenship and the struggle for a place in the new South Africa.  Centre for the Study of Violence and Society, Work and Development Institute

The overall comparative analysis, as well as the insights of the more detailed site case studies, is explored in the body of this report. Here, we would like to draw attention only to four key observations that strike us when we consider the report as a whole.