This thesis argues that 1994 did not mark a point of
absolute discontinuity in the history of South Africa. More specifically, it
asserts that 1994 did not signal the end of segregationism; instead of
democracy leading to national integration, the Bantustans are still governed
and managed differently from the rest of the country. Consequently, it is no surprise
that they remain mired in pervasive, debilitating poverty fifteen years after
1994. In insisting that contemporary South Africa is old (rather than new), the
thesis seeks to make a contribution to political struggles that aim to bring to
an end the segregationist past-in-the-present.
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