Umbutho we Industrial & Commercial Workers' Union (I.C.U.)

Umbhali ngu: C.L.R. James (1936)

Umtoliki ngu: Bulelwa Mafu (2010)

Abahlali baseMjondolo

uMzantsi Afrika uphawulwe ngodidi olutsha lwezopolitiko, aliphawulwanga ngodushe phakathi kwentlanga kwoda ngo qhanaqalazo lwabasebenzi. Ngaphezu kwe Sierra Leone ne Gambia, I South Africa ikwazile ukudibanisa intlanga ezahlukeneyo kwimizi yemveliso, emigodini nendlela abaqeshwe ngayo ibonakalisa ukuba ibasa kumbutho wabaphangeli. Kwaye kukho nefuthe lwe Russian Revolution. I African Communinsit Party yasekwa ngomnyaka ka 1924, kodwa yayisuka komnye umbutho owawusewusekiwe ngomnyaka ka1920. Yayisebenza ngokuxokisa uluntu olumnyama. Kodwa e Sierra leone nase Gambia abantu abafundileyo abamnyama bathetha kakhulu bengenzi nto ebonakalayo, kodwa uMzantsi Afrika wona uqhubela nezo zikhona zimbalwa kumlo. Iimfazwe ezidlulileyo nemeko zemali nopolitiko zango 1919 zaqalisa umbuthe we Industrial and Commercial Worker’s waseMzantsi Afrika.

The First Globalisation and Transnational Labour Activism in Southern Africa: White Labourism, the IWW, and the ICU, 1904–1934

by Lucien van der Walt, 2007

In this article, I argue that the history of labour and the working class in southern Africa in the first half of the twentieth century cannot be adequately understood within an analytical framework that takes the nation-state as the primary unit of analysis....This article.... examines three moments of transnational labour activism in southern Africa in the first three decades of the twentieth century. Firstly, there was the tradition of ‘White Labourism’: rather than being a peculiarly South African phenomenon, it originated in Australia, spread to South Africa in the early 1900s, and subsequently developed into a significant factor in labour politics in the Rhodesias by the 1920s. Secondly, there was the tradition of revolutionary syndicalism, which stressed interracial working-classsolidarity. As developed by the Industrial Workers of the World (the IWW or ‘Wobblies’) in the United States in 1905, this tradition came to South Africa via Scotland, where it spread from radical white labour circles to workers of colour in the 1910s, and then spilt over into the Australian IWW. Thirdly, there was the tradition of the Industrial and Commercial Workers’ Union (ICU), whose politics were an amalgam of two transcontinental currents: Garveyism and IWW syndicalism. The ICU operated regionally, spreading from South Africa in 1919 to South West Africa and the Rhodesias in the 1920s and 1930s. Set against the backdrop of regional waves of labour activism, the history of these transnational labour currents provides important insights into the social character of southern African labour movements in the period of the ‘first’ modern globalisation, lasting from the 1880s into the 1920s. The analysis presented here is influenced by, and makes a contribution to, the new transnational labour history that ‘relativizes’ and ‘historicizes’ the nation-state as a unit of analysis, stressing the ‘need to go beyond national boundaries’ and avoid ‘methodological nationalism’ in understanding working-class formation. A transnational labour history yields important insights into labour and working class history, provides a new synthesis that goes beyond old labour history, with its stress on formal organisation, and new labour history, with its stress on lived experience, and stresses the interconnections between labour worldwide.

Anarchism and syndicalism in an African port city: the revolutionary traditions of Cape Town's multiracial working class, 1904-1931

by Lucien van der Walt, Libcom

This paper examines the development of anarchism and syndicalism in early twentieth century Cape Town, South Africa, drawing attention to a crucial but neglected chapter of labor and left history. Central to this story were the anarchists in the local Social Democratic Federation (SDF), and the revolutionary syndicalists of the Industrial Socialist League, the Industrial Workers of Africa (IWA), and the Sweets and Jam Workers’ Industrial Union. These revolutionary anti-authoritarians, Africans, Coloureds and whites, fostered a multiracial radical movement – considerably preceding similar achievements by the Communist Party of South Africa (CPSA) in this port city. They were also part of a larger anarchist and syndicalist movement across the southern African subcontinent. Involved in activist centers, propaganda, public meetings, cooperatives, demonstrations, union organizing and strikes, and linked into international and national radical networks, Cape Town’s anarchists and syndicalists had an important impact on organizations like the African Political Organization (APO), the Cape Federation of Labour Unions, the Cape Native Congress, the CPSA, the General Workers Union, and the Industrial and Commercial Workers Union of Africa (ICU). This paper is therefore also a contribution to the recovery of the history of the first generation of African and Coloured anti-capitalist radicals, and part of a growing international interest in anarchist and syndicalist history.