Umtoliki ngu:
Bulelwa Mafu (2010)
uMzantsi
Afrika uphawulwe ngodidi olutsha lwezopolitiko, aliphawulwanga
ngodushe phakathi kwentlanga kwoda ngo qhanaqalazo lwabasebenzi.
Ngaphezu kwe Sierra Leone ne Gambia, I South Africa ikwazile
ukudibanisa intlanga ezahlukeneyo kwimizi yemveliso, emigodini
nendlela abaqeshwe ngayo ibonakalisa ukuba ibasa kumbutho
wabaphangeli. Kwaye kukho nefuthe lwe Russian Revolution. I African
Communinsit Party yasekwa ngomnyaka ka 1924, kodwa yayisuka komnye
umbutho owawusewusekiwe ngomnyaka ka1920. Yayisebenza ngokuxokisa
uluntu olumnyama. Kodwa e Sierra leone nase Gambia abantu
abafundileyo abamnyama bathetha kakhulu bengenzi nto ebonakalayo,
kodwa uMzantsi Afrika wona uqhubela nezo zikhona zimbalwa kumlo.
Iimfazwe ezidlulileyo nemeko zemali nopolitiko zango 1919 zaqalisa
umbuthe we Industrial and Commercial Worker’s waseMzantsi Afrika.
Yasekwa
ngomnyaka ka 1919 ngumhlali wase Nyasaland, u Clements Kadalie,
lombutho waqala ngamalungu angamashumi amabini anesine. Ngaphandle
koncedo lwemali, ulwazi olunphangaleleyo okanye inkuthazo, kwaye
bejongene nocinezelo nokubanjwa, zonke ezizinto zakhe umbutho oye
wakhula ngoqhanqalazo, imingcelele, nemilo namapolisa, ngexa uMzantsi
Afrika ubukele ukukhula kwawo ngokumangalisayo. Ukadalie njengomhlali
waseNyasaland, ngewaye gxothwe lula , kodwa ngendlela engaziwayo
wakwazi ukusinda, aqhubekeke ukuqhubela umbutho wakhe phambili.
Umqondiso
wokuqala wamandla we I.C.U.’s yayiluqhanqalazo lwase Bhayi
ngomnyaka ka 1920. Abasebenzi baseBhayi bafuna, bafumana unyuselo lwe
peni ezintandathu ngosuku. Lonto yabangela ukunyuselwa kwakhona
ngepeni ezintandathu ngosuku ngenxa yoqhanqalazo, abasebenzi
bayifumana. Kodwa oku zange kubanelise, ngokucetyiswa ngu Kadalie,
umongameli we I.C.U, baqhubeka phambili bafuna iishilling ezilishumi
ngemini zabasebenzi bamadoda, ne shiling ezisixhenxe nepensi
ezintandathu zabafazi. Intlanganiso zazibanjwe macala onke kwi-ofisi
ze I.C.U, apho abasebenzi babesegrogrisa ngokuqhanqalaza. Ifuthe lika
Kadalie laliselikhula ngokumandla. Kwenye yentlanganiso apho ifuthe
labasebenzi laliselinyuke ngokumnadla lwabangela ukuba abasebenzi
bamphuthaphutha ngezandla uGqirha Rubusana, omnye wabamnyama
owayechasene no Kadalie. uGrirha Rubusana wahlangulwa nguKadalie,
owayesebona ubungozi, wahawuleza wangenelela.
Amapolisa
ngeloxesha ayejonge ithuba lokuvalela uKadalie. Oluhlaselo luka
Gqirha Rubusana lwasetyenziswa njenge pretext. uGqirha Rubusana wenza
ingxelo esemthethweni malunga nokuhlaselwa kwakhe, uKadalie wabanjwa
wavalelwa nomhla we 23 ka Okuthobha 1920 ngaphandle kwencwandi
engunyazisa ukuvalelwa kwakhe. Zathi zakuvakala indaba zokuvalelwa
kwakhe, bahlangana badibana abasebenzi . intlanganiso yahlala
kwathunyelwa igqiza emapoliseni elifuna ukuba akhululwe ngemali.
Umphathi wamapolisa zange avume. Lathi lakubuya nezondaba igqiza
elalithunyelwe kwagqitywa ekubeni kuthunyelwe umyalezo othi
kumapolisa ukuba abamkhuphi uKadalie ngentsimbi yesihlanu,
bazazomkhulula ngokwabo. Abahalali babengasafuni undikho kubaqashi
abamhlophe kuphela seMzantsi babefuna undikho naseburhulumenteni.
Umkhosi
wamapolisa wonke wawuxhobile. Amapolisa ololiwe ayebiziwe. Ukwageza
amavolontiya amaEurope ayexhobile ebekwe phambi kwezitishi zamapolisa
apho uKadalie wayevalelwe khona. Ngezithuba zentsimbi yesihlanu
kwakusekubonakala abantu abangawaka amathathu. Amapolisa ayeqabele
amahashe anikwa umyalelo ukuba alwe kodwa bothulwa kulomahashe.
Kwenziwa inzame zokuba abantu basuswe ngokutshizwa ngamanzi, kodwa
abantu baphindisa ngamatye nezinye izinto. Ngelothuba kwavakala
izithong ezimbini zompu abantu baqhusakala. Kunkwangelixesha apho ke
abantu babebaleka, apho amapolisa avulela imbimbulu kubo. Ummeli we
Commission of Inquiry wathi:
……. Kuyabonakala ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo ukuba msinya emva kokuba kudutyulwe izithonga zokuqala, abantu babalekela macala onke, kodwa zona izithonga zaqhubekeka ebantwini ebabebaleka, ezizithonga zazisuka esitishini samapolisa kangangemizuzu elingamashumi amathandathu, njengoko besitsho ababebonile, okanye imizuzu emibini njengoko besitsho abanye. Omnye wamaploisa wavuma ukuba wadubula izihlandlo ezilishumi elinesihlanu; omnye ezilishumi elinesithathu ezabangela ukufa komEurope omnye ne natives ezingamashumi amabini anesithathu okanye abebala abangamadoda babulawa okanye babulawa zizivubeko. iNatives nabebala abangamadoda, abangamashumi amane anesihlanu; abafazi, abafazi abane bamaEurope, ingxwelerheka ezingamasumi asixhenxe annesithandathu zizonke, babini kuphela kwaba ababafunyenwe phambi kwezitepisi, abanye bawela kumacala ahlukeneyo ezitratweni ezikude nesitishi samapolisa, uyokuma ngasestratweni saseCastle, esikude kangangeyadi ezolikhulu.
Ngokucacileyo
amapolisa athatha elithuba lokuba bawuchithe uphele umbutho
wabasebenzi. Imiphumela, ababeyifuna njengokuba kusoloko kunjalo,
kwakukukhulisa amandla wabo.
Yakhula
ngamandla I I.C.U phakathi kwabantu abamnayama nabebala kangangokuba
uHertzog u Prime Minister waseMzantsi Afrika, wacinga ukuba
kungabanenzuzo ukufumana inkxaso ye I.C.U. ubunokumfumana umeli
weI.C.U nakwindawo ezisemaphandle eMzantsi Afrika.
Nababangengomalungu babekhawuleza ukubalekela kuyo ngaxesha
likaxakeka.
Kunganzima
ungaphawuli okwenziwa nguKadalie nomlingane wakhe uChampion,
abakuphumelelayobphakathi konyaka ka 1919 no1926. uKadalie wayeyi
Orator, ethe ncothu esukile egadeni, enelizwi elivakalayo,
kwintlanganiso wayedla ngkulinyusa ifuthe labantu. Xa egqiba ukothula
intetho abantu babeye bathule umzuzwana phambi kokuba baqhwabe
izandla. uChampion wayehlukile kuKadalie nganto yonke. Ikangeleko
yakhe yangaphandle yayikhangeleka isemva kuneka Kadalie, owayenolwazi
oluphangaleleyo ngokwentshukumo zabasebenzi, wayebona ngapha komhlaba
wakwaZulu okanye eNatala, wayengumququzeleli ngaphezu kobasisithethi.
Umzekelo
ofana nalo luqhanqalazo lwase San Domingo. Kwakukho iFrench
Revolution ngomnyaka ka 1794 okhupha umthetho omdala waseFransi,
udinga abaqhanqalazi abamnyama, kwaye nokhuthazo, abaququzeleli kunye
nezixhobo, zange ibekho into enjalo eBritani. Xa ubona lembali,
umbutho ka kadalie wawubonwa ubaluleke kakhulu. Emva ko nyaka ka 1926
wabonakala usoyisakala, wawungenakwazi ukuzigcina ixesha elide
ngaphandle kwempumelelo ezicacileyo. uKadalie wayengenamfundo
iphangaleleyo engakwazi ukuwumisa eyona nto inzima kwindoda
enalemvelaphi yakhe. Kwakukho urhwaphilizo lwemali. Wabona ukuba
makaqhangamshelane nabaphesheya nangona engenakuqhangamshelana ne
Third International. Abasebenzi abamhlophe babengafuni indibano.
uKadalie waya e Europe , wadibanisa I I.C.U ne International
Federation of Trade Unions wafuna uncedo kubaxhasi basekunxele
babasebenzi. Wathatha umfana omhlophe u Ballinger, amncendise.
Umbutho I I.C.U. wachithakala. Namhlanje lamaqela mabini asisithunzi
se I.C.U uKadalie usathathe ikhefu eBhayi, apho abaqhanqalazi
badutyulwa besilelwa ukukhululwa kwakh
